Transfer of training : using the theory of planned behavior

Abstract

This thesis was undertaken to examine hypotheses about the potential to apply the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to understand the transfer of training. Prior to developing the hypotheses, previous theories were discussed and empirical studies published over the past few decades were reviewed. Due to inconsistent findings, the thesis argues that the role of trainees, especially their intention (as envisaged in the TPB), should form a new direction for studying transfer behavior.

For the thesis, two empirical studies were conducted. The first study tested an intention-based model to explain transfer of training behavior. Specifically, attitude toward the transfer behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were proposed as antecedents of transfer intention, while transfer intention and perceived behavior control predicted transfer behavior. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) (n = 132 construction practitioners in Hong Kong) showed that the three antecedents positively affected transfer intention, which in turn affected transfer behavior positively. Perceived behavioral control did not affect transfer behavior significantly. Moreover, a post-hoc analysis supported the mediating role of transfer intention in the relationship between the antecedents and transfer behavior.

The second study examined a similar model, but added two variables – transfer performance and gender. A survey was carried out of 168 working people in Hong Kong. Testing with SEM revealed the acceptance of the explanatory powers of the different structural equations. However, among the three antecedents, only attitude toward the transfer behavior was significantly related to transfer intention. Perceived behavioral control and transfer intention were significantly related to transfer behavior, which was in turn related to transfer performance. Also, the moderating role of gender was tested with hierarchical regression analysis, and only male respondents were found to be significant in moderating the relationship between perceived behavioral control and transfer intention.

Overall, the findings of this thesis support the use of the TPB in explaining transfer of training. However, the varying findings from the two studies draw attention to the nature of work (teamwork and the control of resources) that may exert influence on the transfer process. This implication is useful to develop future research directions.