Personality and cognitive mechanisms influencing values

Abstract

Traditionally, research has focused on the consequences of human values and the determinants of values have been neglected. The central aim of this thesis was to investigate the mechanisms and motivational basis for values. To achieve this aim, I determined how biologically based approach and avoidance personality traits predicted values via the mediating roles of emotional management and executive function. I also used experimental conditions to further understand the determinants of values in predicting risk-taking behavior. This thesis contains five self-contained papers (chapters 2-6). Each chapter explores the literature and focuses on indirect and direct predictors of values. Together, the six studies revealed the potential mechanisms and a motivational basis for values. Chapter 1, supported the proposed model that Emotional Intelligence mediated the relationship between Cloninger et al.‟s (1993) approach and avoidance personality traits and the Values. In chapter 2, the proposed association between Emotional Intelligence, personality and Machiavellian moral reasoning was supported. Chapter 4 (Studies 2 and 3), provided general support for the proposed model; indirect pathways (via Emotional Intelligence) from approach and avoidance personality traits predicted Machiavellianism. In chapter 5, a laboratory based study suggested that approach personality traits (Carver and White, 1994; Goldberg, 1999; Jackson, 2005) predicted the values of Universalism, Benevolence, Hedonism, and Stimulation via Executive Functioning. Finally, in chapter 6, a laboratory study suggested that Approach personality traits and values directly influence risk-taking behavior. Overall, the findings suggest that personality traits predict values via managing emotions, and Executive Functioning. Personality traits, emotional management and Executive Functioning provided mechanisms and a motivational basis for human values. Further evidence points to personality traits providing mechanisms for values under laboratory conditions. Theoretical implications and limitations are discussed at the end of each chapter.