Publication:
Mechanisms and treatment strategies to overcome resistance to non-cytotoxic therapy in cancer
Mechanisms and treatment strategies to overcome resistance to non-cytotoxic therapy in cancer
dc.contributor.advisor | Marshall, Glenn | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Kuljaca, Selena | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-03-23T16:26:06Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-03-23T16:26:06Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2010 | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | As anti-cancer agents, retinoid induce cell growth arrest and differentiation, while HDACIs cause cell differentiation, growth inhibition, death and inhibit angiogenesis in many cancer types. However, a proportion of patients respond poorly to these therapies. My studies, presented here, aimed to improve the anti-cancer effects of these agents by identifying key factors which mediate cancer cell sensitivity or resistance to their action. In this study I have found that the clinically used retinoid, 13-cis RA, exerts its anti-cancer signal in a manner similar to atRA, by modulating the transcriptional response of retinoid-regulated genes. HDACI-induced cytotoxicity is significantly enhanced when combined with IFNα in 8 out of 9 cancer cell lines from various organ origins. Sensitivity to the combination treatment correlated with an absence of basal p21 protein expression, and cell cycle arrest. Knocking-down p21 gene expression further sensitized cancer cells to the combination therapy. Moreover, IFNα and HDACI co-operatively inhibited pro-angiogenic gene expression in cancer cells, and the combination therapy decreased endothelial cell migration, invasion, and capillary tubule formation. Further experiments on p21 as a resistance factor to anti-cancer treatment demonstrated that conditioned media from breast cancer MCF-7 cells transfected with p21 siRNA, induced significantly less endothelial cell migration, invasion and vascular sprouting, compared with media from cells transfected with scrambled siRNA. LC/MS analysis of the conditioned media revealed that Trx secretion was significantly reduced after p21 knockdown. The reduction in Trx secretion following p21 knockdown was due to a direct effect of p21 siRNA on the expression of intracellular TBP2 in neuroblastoma, prostate and lung cancer cells. Consistent with this result, media from MCF7 cells transfected with TBP2-specific siRNA alone, promoted endothelial cell invasion and vascular sprouting, Trx knockdown resulted in opposite effects, and the anti-angiogenic effect of p21 siRNA was offset by simultaneous TBP2 siRNA transfection. ChIP assay revealed that p21 directly bound to an E2F1-bindng site in the TBP2 gene promoter. These data indicate that p21 promoted tumour-driven angiogenesis through transcriptional repression of TBP2. Collectively, my experiments indicate several potential treatment targets directed toward enhancing the effectiveness of HDACIs and retinoids. | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/44699 | |
dc.language | English | |
dc.language.iso | EN | en_US |
dc.publisher | UNSW, Sydney | en_US |
dc.rights | CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 | en_US |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/au/ | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Resistance | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Cancer | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Non-cytotoxic treatment | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Angiogenesis | en_US |
dc.title | Mechanisms and treatment strategies to overcome resistance to non-cytotoxic therapy in cancer | en_US |
dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
dcterms.accessRights | open access | |
dcterms.rightsHolder | Kuljaca, Selena | |
dspace.entity.type | Publication | en_US |
unsw.accessRights.uri | https://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |
unsw.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/22911 | |
unsw.relation.faculty | Medicine & Health | |
unsw.relation.originalPublicationAffiliation | Kuljaca, Selena, Women's & Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW | en_US |
unsw.relation.originalPublicationAffiliation | Marshall, Glenn , Women's & Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW | en_US |
unsw.relation.school | School of Women's & Children's Health | * |
unsw.thesis.degreetype | PhD Doctorate | en_US |
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