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Abstract
This thesis covers the analysis, dynamic modelling and control of an isolated selfexcited induction generator (SEIG) driven by a variable speed wind turbine. The voltage build up process of an isolated induction generator excited by AC capacitors starts from charge in the capacitors or from a remnant magnetic field in the core. A similar voltage build up is obtained when the isolated induction generator is excited using an inverter/rectifier system with a single DC capacitor on the DC link of the converter. In this type of excitation the voltage build up starts from a small DC voltage in the DC link and is implemented using vector control.
The dynamic voltage, current, power and frequency developed by the induction generator have been analysed, simulated and verified experimentally for the loaded and unloaded conditions while the speed was varied or kept constant. Results which are inaccessible in the experimental setup have been predicted using the simulation algorithm.
To model the self excited induction generator accurate values of the parameters of the induction machine are required. A detailed analysis for the parameter determination of induction machines using a fast data acquisition technique and a DSP system has been investigated. A novel analysis and model of a self-excited induction generator that takes iron loss into account is presented in a simplified and understandable way.
The use of the variation in magnetising inductance with voltage leads to an accurate prediction of whether or not self-excitation will occur in a SEIG for various capacitance values and speeds in both the loaded and unloaded cases. The characteristics of magnetising inductance, Lm, with respect to the rms induced stator voltage or magnetising current determines the regions of stable operation as well as the minimum generated voltage without loss of self-excitation.
In the SEIG, the frequency of the generated voltage depends on the speed of the prime mover as well as the condition of the load. With the speed of the prime mover of an isolated SEIG constant, an increased load causes the magnitude of the generated voltage and frequency to decrease. This is due to a drop in the speed of the rotating magnetic field. When the speed of the prime mover drops with load then the decrease in voltage and frequency will be greater than for the case where the speed is held constant. Dynamic simulation studies shows that increasing the capacitance value can compensate for the voltage drop due to loading, but the drop in frequency can be compensated only by increasing the speed of the rotor.
In vector control of the SEIG, the reference flux linkage varies according to the variation in rotor speed. The problems associated with the estimation of stator flux linkage using integration are investigated and an improved estimation of flux linkage is developed that compensates for the integration error.
Analysis of the three-axes to two-axes transformation and its application in the measurement of rms current, rms voltage, active power and power factor from data obtained in only one set of measurements taken at a single instant of time is discussed. It is also shown that from measurements taken at two consecutive instants in time the frequency of the three-phase AC power supply can be evaluated. The three-axes to twoaxes transformation tool simplifies the calculation of the electrical quantities.