Download files
Abstract
The study of physics beyond the Standard Model is on the frontier of modern physics. Any detection of these phenomena will be paradigm shifting for our understanding of fundamental physics. Signatures of these phenomena are expected to manifest in low energy systems allowing the use of low energy experiments to constrain possible new physics to large degrees. Using the deformed Nilsson model and Schmidt model, several second order tensor properties are calculated in nuclei. These are enhanced by the collective quadrupole deformation of the nucleus. Specifically, the neutron quadrupole moment of the nucleus (NQMN), the weak quadrupole moment (WQM), the Lorentz invariance violating (LLIV) energy shift, and the magnetic quadrupole moment of the nucleus (MQM) are calculated. The WQM introduced in this thesis is a nuclear property which produces a tensor weak interaction between the nucleus and electrons and can be observed in atomic and molecular experiments measuring parity nonconservation. The values of the NQMN, WQM, LLIV energy shifts and the MQM are calculated for nuclei of experimental interrest. The resultant MQM energy shifts are calculated for corresponding diatomic molecules of experimental interest.
Also presented are the results of relativistic many-body calculations predicting properties of open 6d-shell superheavy elements dubnium (Db, Z=105), seaborgium (Sg, Z=106), bohrium (Bh, Z=107), hassium (Hs, Z=108) and meitnerium (Mt, Z=109), and the superheavy noble element oganesson (Og, Z=118). These calculations were performed using an efficient version of the ab initio method including the configuration interaction combined with perturbation theory for the distant states effects. For these elements the energy levels, ionization potentials, isotope shifts and strong electric dipole transition amplitudes were calculated. Comparison with lighter analogs reveals significant differences due to strong relativistic effects in superheavy elements. Very large spin- orbit interaction distinguishes subshells containing orbitals with definite total electron angular momentum. This effect replaces Hund's rule in lighter elements. Calculations of Ta and Rn, lighter analogs of Db and Og, are compared to experiment with good agreement.