Interaction between anthocyanins and carotenoids: effects on bioaccessibility and bioactivities.

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Copyright: Phan, Minh
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Abstract
The interaction between anthocyanins and carotenoids has not yet been understood. Six different anthocyanins and three carotenoids were mixed in pairs at 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 ratios (10 μM total) to study their interaction on bioaccessibility and bioactivities by chemical and human Caco-2 cell models. The results showed that anti-oxidative synergy was neither seen in any of the tested carotenoid-anthocyanin mixtures, nor in the models studied. Several combinations such as β-carotene mixed with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside or pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside showed anti- inflammatory antagonism while other mixtures such as lycopene mixed with malvidin-3-O-glucoside (1:1 and 3:1 ratios), or lutein mixed with malvidin-3-O-glucoside showed synergy. The impact of anthocyanins (5-7.5 μM) on the cellular uptake of different carotenoids (2.5-5 μM) was varied: increased β-carotene uptake by 68-200%, decreased lycopene uptake by 50-80%, and did not affect lutein uptake. The effects of co-digestion of vegetables containing anthocyanins and carotenoids on phytochemical bioaccessibility and cellular bioactivities were also investigated to understand the consequences of phytochemical interaction within the food matrix. Red cabbage was co-digested with carrot, cherry tomato or baby spinach (1:1, w:w, total fresh weight of 10 g) with and without added salad dressing. At the end of the digestion, the digestive bioaccessibility of total anthocyanins from the co-digested vegetables increased by 10-15%, but the digestive bioaccessibility of total carotenoids decreased by 21-56% compared to that from the singly digested vegetables. Nevertheless, the intestinal cellular bioaccessibility of total carotenoids from the co-digested vegetables was higher than that from the singly digested vegetables by 46-191%. The digestion of mixed vegetables resulted in an enhancement of the cellular antioxidant activity by 26-31% and the suppression of IL-8 secretion by 27-65%. The findings of the research indicate the importance of understanding phytochemical interaction and the appropriate combined concentrations that can lead to designing foods or supplements with better-targeted functions and intestinal absorption. The study also unravelled the benefits of vegetable co-ingestion that would lead to better health outcomes. Future studies should focus on understanding the complex interactions on bioaccessibility and bioactivity between multiple phytochemicals and other food components in different food matrices.
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Author(s)
Phan, Minh
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Arcot, Jayashree
Bucknall, Martin
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Publication Year
2019
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Thesis
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PhD Doctorate
UNSW Faculty
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