Abstract
Liffman takes three analytical questions: what is encompassed by the term ‘immigrant’; how are immigrants affected by welfare systems; and what determines outcomes in immigrant/agency interactions. He discusses four factors which must always be taken into account in developing any services for immigrants; language and communication; culture; experience and knowledge; and resettlement. With a grasp of these issues Liffman deals illustratively with two "welfare fields", social security and child care, identifying: a) issues common to the whole community, b) issues common to all, but in which immigrant circumstance intensifies any problems; and c) issues unique to immigrants.