Abstract
Genomics and proteomics of microorganisms are revolutionizing our understanding of marine microbial ecology. In this essay we address this by discussing (1) what microbial genome resources are available for marine ecologists, (2) how single-organism genomics and proteomics have revealed new microbial functions in the marine ecosystem, and (3) how the integration of metagenomics, metaproteomics and biogeochemical studies will further advance the field of marine microbial ecology. Comprehensive knowledge of the genetic blueprints, the functions and the interactions of microbial communities will provide insight into the evolution of marine ecosystems and enable rational predictions of how microbial processes will affect, and be affected by, environmental changes.