Abstract
In the field of multimedia learning, although research on cognitive effects and their implications for instructional design is rich, research on the effects of motivation in a multimedia learning context is surprisingly sparse. Since one of the major goals of providing multimedia instruction is to motivate students, there is need to examine motivational elements. In this chapter, we focus on four major motivation theories (expectancy-value theory, self-efficacy, goal-setting and task motivation, and self-determination theory) and two motivation models that are derived from multimedia research (the ARCS model and the integrated model of cognitive-motivational processes), review the literature on motivation in multimedia learning contexts, suggest that researchers and practitioners take into account a number of essential aspects to ensure that motivation features incorporated in multimedia learning resources optimize learners' experience, and point out future research directions in model building...