Engineering

Publication Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 11
  • (2022) Zhang, Qi
    Thesis
    As a dominant terrestrial ecosystem of the Earth, forest environments play profound roles in ecology, biodiversity, resource utilization, and management, which highlights the significance of forest characterization and monitoring. Some forest parameters can help track climate change and quantify the global carbon cycle and therefore attract growing attention from various research communities. Compared with traditional in-situ methods with expensive and time-consuming field works involved, airborne and spaceborne remote sensors collect cost-efficient and consistent observations at global or regional scales and have been proven to be an effective way for forest monitoring. With the looming paradigm shift toward data-intensive science and the development of remote sensors, remote sensing data with higher resolution and diversity have been the mainstream in data analysis and processing. However, significant heterogeneities in the multi-source remote sensing data largely restrain its forest applications urging the research community to come up with effective synergistic strategies. The work presented in this thesis contributes to the field by exploring the potential of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), SAR Polarimetry (PolSAR), SAR Interferometry (InSAR), Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (PolInSAR), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and multispectral remote sensing in forest characterization and monitoring from three main aspects including forest height estimation, active fire detection, and burned area mapping. First, the forest height inversion is demonstrated using airborne L-band dual-baseline repeat-pass PolInSAR data based on modified versions of the Random Motion over Ground (RMoG) model, where the scattering attenuation and wind-derived random motion are described in conditions of homogeneous and heterogeneous volume layer, respectively. A boreal and a tropical forest test site are involved in the experiment to explore the flexibility of different models over different forest types and based on that, a leveraging strategy is proposed to boost the accuracy of forest height estimation. The accuracy of the model-based forest height inversion is limited by the discrepancy between the theoretical models and actual scenarios and exhibits a strong dependency on the system and scenario parameters. Hence, high vertical accuracy LiDAR samples are employed to assist the PolInSAR-based forest height estimation. This multi-source forest height estimation is reformulated as a pan-sharpening task aiming to generate forest heights with high spatial resolution and vertical accuracy based on the synergy of the sparse LiDAR-derived heights and the information embedded in the PolInSAR data. This process is realized by a specifically designed generative adversarial network (GAN) allowing high accuracy forest height estimation less limited by theoretical models and system parameters. Related experiments are carried out over a boreal and a tropical forest to validate the flexibility of the method. An automated active fire detection framework is proposed for the medium resolution multispectral remote sensing data. The basic part of this framework is a deep-learning-based semantic segmentation model specifically designed for active fire detection. A dataset is constructed with open-access Sentinel-2 imagery for the training and testing of the deep-learning model. The developed framework allows an automated Sentinel-2 data download, processing, and generation of the active fire detection results through time and location information provided by the user. Related performance is evaluated in terms of detection accuracy and processing efficiency. The last part of this thesis explored whether the coarse burned area products can be further improved through the synergy of multispectral, SAR, and InSAR features with higher spatial resolutions. A Siamese Self-Attention (SSA) classification is proposed for the multi-sensor burned area mapping and a multi-source dataset is constructed at the object level for the training and testing. Results are analyzed by different test sites, feature sources, and classification methods to assess the improvements achieved by the proposed method. All developed methods are validated with extensive processing of multi-source data acquired by Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS), PolSARproSim+, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2. I hope these studies constitute a substantial contribution to the forest applications of multi-source remote sensing.

  • (2021) Alohali, Ruaa Tawfiq A
    Thesis
    The Arabian basin was subject to several tectonic events, including Lower Cambrian Najd rifting, the Carboniferous Hercynian Orogeny, Triassic Zagros rifting, and the Early/Cretaceous and Late/Tertiary Alpine orogenic events. These events reactivated Precambrian basement structures and affected the structural configuration of the overlying Paleozoic cover succession. In addition to a 2D seismic array and several drill well logs, a newly acquired, processed 3D seismic image of the subsurface in part of the basin covering an area of approximately 1051 km2 has been provided to improve the understanding of the regional tectonic evolution associated with these deformation events. In this study, a manual interpretation is presented of six main horizons from the Late Ordovician to the Middle Triassic. Faults and folds were also mapped to further constrain the stratigraphic and structural framework. Collectively, this data is used to build a geological model of the region and develop a timeline of geological events. Results show that a lower Paleozoic sedimentary succession between the Late Silurian to the Early Permian was subject to localised tilting, uplift, and erosion during the Carboniferous Hercynian Orogeny, forming a regional unconformity. Subsequent deposition occurred from the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic, producing a relatively thick, conformable, upper succession. The juxtaposition of the Silurian rocks and Permian formations allows a direct fluid flow between the two intervals. Seismic analysis also indicated two major fault generations. A younger NNW-striking fault set with a component of reverse, east-side-up displacement affected the Lower Triassic succession and is most likely related to the Cretaceous and Tertiary Alpine Events that reactivated the Najd fault system. These fault structures allow vertical migration that could act as conduits to form structural traps. Manual mapping of fault structures in the study area required significant time and effort. To simplify and accelerate the manual faults interpretation in the study area, a fault segmentation method was developed using a Convolutional Neural Network. This method was implemented using the 3D seismic data acquired from the Arabian Basin. The network was trained, validated, and tested with samples that included a seismic cube and fault images that were labelled manually corresponding to the seismic cube. The model successfully identified faults with an accuracy of 96% and an error rate of 0.12 on the training dataset. To achieve a more robust model, the prediction results were further enhanced using postprocessing by linking discontinued segments of the same fault and thus, reducing the number of detected faults. This method improved the accuracy of the prediction results of the proposed model using the test dataset by 77.5%. Additionally, an efficient framework was introduced to correlate the predictions and the ground truth by measuring their average distance value. This technique was also applied to the F3 Netherlands survey, which showed promising results in another region with complex fault geometries. As a result of the automated technique developed here, fault detection and diagnosis were achieved efficiently with structures similar to the trained dataset and has a huge potential in improving exploration targets that are structurally controlled by faults.

  • (2021) Ly, Kongmeng
    Thesis
    The management of transboundary river basins across developing countries, such as the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMB), is frequently challenging given the development and conservation divergences of the basin countries. Driven by needs to sustain economic performance and reduce poverty, the LMB countries are embarking on significant land use changes in the form hydropower dams, to fulfill their energy requirements. This pathway could lead to irreversible changes to the ecosystem of the Mekong River, if not properly managed. This thesis aims to explore the potential effects of changes in land use —with a focus on current and projected hydropower operations— on the Lower Mekong River network streamflow and instream water quality. To achieve this aim, this thesis first examined the relationships between the basin land use/land cover attributes, and streamflow and instream water quality dynamics of the Mekong River, using total suspended solids and nitrate as proxies for water quality. Findings from this allowed framing challenges of integrated water management of transboundary river basins. These were used as criteria for selecting eWater’s Source modelling framework as a management tool that can support decision-making in the socio-ecological context of the LMB. Against a combination of predictive performance metrics and hydrologic signatures, the model’s application in the LMB was found to robustly simulate streamflow, TSS and nitrate time series. The model was then used for analysing four plausible future hydropower development scenarios, under extreme climate conditions and operational alternatives. This revealed that hydropower operations on either tributary or mainstream could result in annual and wet season flow reduction while increasing dry season flows compared to a baseline scenario. Conversely, hydropower operation on both tributary and mainstream could result in dry season flow reduction. Both instream TSS and nitrate loads were predicted to reduce under all three scenarios compared to the baseline. These effects were found to magnify under extreme climate conditions, but were less severe under improved operational alternatives. In the LMB where hydropower development is inevitable, findings from this thesis provide an enhanced understanding on the importance of operational alternatives as an effective transboundary cooperation and management pathway for balancing electricity generation and protection of riverine ecology, water and food security, and people livelihoods.

  • (2023) Broadbent, Gail
    Thesis
    To obviate significant and growing road vehicle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contributing to climate change, transitioning to battery electric vehicles (BEV) is urgently required to maximise fleet emissions reductions soonest, deploying the most suitable available technology. Many countries have implemented policies to incentivise electric vehicle (EV) uptake, which have been well studied. This thesis undertakes novel research by employing a case study of New Zealand to examine consumer responses to EV policies implemented in 2016, plus two mooted policies. Questionnaires and interviews surveyed private motorists from a demand perspective, capturing quantitative and qualitative data to assess attitudes, values, and perceptions of EVs, awareness of government policies, and to reveal those most popular. Employing a unique innovation, four motorist groups (segmented by attitude to EVs, which influences adoption rates) were compared. As additional novelty the role of communication channels, including print media, in influencing consumer behaviour was investigated. Results revealed New Zealand’s conventional motorists, in contrast with EV owners, had low policy awareness, confirming international findings. EV Positives, the next-most ‘EV ready’ segment, favoured policies designed to reduce EV purchase price and increase nationwide charger deployment. Concordant with social marketing research, governments should focus on such buyers’ preferences. Furthermore, to improve BEV readiness, disseminating updated information about EVs via multiple communication channels could shift perceptions of EVs from ‘expensive and inconvenient’ to ‘fun and economical’. Thus, two key concepts namely purchase price-parity and charging infrastructure availability, were incorporated into models specifically for Australia, where policies are limited, to investigate the feasibility of transitioning Australia’s road vehicle fleet to electromobility to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. A national scale, integrated, macro-economic, system dynamics model (iSDG Australia) was used innovatively to project Australia’s future road transport demand, vehicle mix, energy consumption and GHG emissions. Firstly, the model applied numerous ‘adoption target’ scenarios comparing them to Business-as-Usual; secondly, various combinations of policy options were modelled to project potential outcomes and implementation costs. Based on the assumptions, results suggest emissions reductions are maximised by the fastest passenger vehicle fleet transition to BEVs, entailing declining but ongoing transformational government policy support to achieve net-zero by 2050.

  • (2023) Zillur Rahman, Kazi Mohammad
    Thesis
    Current healthcare infection surveillance rarely monitors the distribution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria beyond clinical settings in Australia and overseas. This results in a significant gap in our ability to fully understand and manage the spread of AMR in the general community. This thesis explores whether wastewater-based monitoring could reveal geospatial-temporal and demographic trends of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the urban area of Greater Sydney, Australia. Untreated wastewater from 25 wastewater treatment plants sampled between 2017 and 2019 consistently contained extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) isolates, suggesting its endemicity in the community. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were occasionally detected. Demographic and healthcare infection-related factors correlated with the ESBL-E load, and demographic variables influenced the VRE load. In contrast, the healthcare infection-related factor mainly drove the CRE load. These findings demonstrate the potential of wastewater-based surveillance to understand the factors driving AMR distribution in the community. The subsequent thesis work covers the genomic characterisation of selected ESBL-E and CRE wastewater isolates to reveal their nature, origin, and underlying resistance mechanisms. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Escherichia coli isolates were related to high-risk human-associated pandemic clones and non-human-associated clones. The Klebsiella pneumoniae and K. variicola isolates were related to globally disseminated and emerging human-associated clones, and some were detected for the first time in Australia. Genomic analysis also indicated novel resistance mechanisms against nitrofurantoin in E. coli, and against piperacillin/tazobactam and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid in Klebsiella isolates. The virulence gene content indicated that some E. coli and Klebsiella isolates were likely associated with infections, while the asymptomatic carriage was suggested for other isolates. These results demonstrate a clear potential for wastewater-based surveillance to monitor the emergence and dissemination of resistance in non-clinical isolates, and in particular, isolates from the community and non-human sources. The findings of this study can complement healthcare infection surveillance to inform management strategies to mitigate the emergence and dissemination of AMR and important human pathogens in the general community.

  • (2023) Baker, Mackenzie
    Thesis
    The Australian continent provides an excellent canvas to study the impacts of dynamic topography due to the flat nature of the continent. Previous work into Australian studies of biota have mainly focused on climate being the main contributor to biotic distribution and evolution. This study will investigate the influence dynamic topography contributes to this evolution of the landscape and biota through implementing three landscape evolution models (AuM1, AuM2 and AuM3), created using Badlands software. These models will establish the impacts dynamic topography has to the evolution of the Australian landscape and biota over the last 40 million years. All three models possessed the same inputs of elevation, precipitation, sea-level and erodibility regions, however differed in their dynamic topography input. The first of these models (AuM1) involves a best fit model of the Australian continent with a dynamic topography input that was an accurate depiction of the dynamic topography within the Australian continent. The second model acted as a control model, with the subtraction of a dynamic topography input. Lastly the third model (AuM3) involved the input of a varying dynamic topography inconsistent with AuM1. The comparison of these models exhibits that changes to the Australian landscape have taken place. The main finding was the deposition rate of sediment changes between AuM1 and AuM2, where AuM2 possess lower rates of deposition in the northern region. With these lower rates of sediment deposition, there was an accompanying narrower confluence angle of river channels in the northeastern region, indicating a more arid environment for those simulations without dynamic topography (AuM2). With these new findings through the numerical modelling of the Australian continent new constraints to the evolution of the Australian landscape and biota have been gained.

  • (2023) Wang, Jie
    Thesis
    Sugar is Australia's second largest export crop after wheat, generating a total annual revenue of almost $2 billion. It is produced from sugarcane, with approximately 95% grown in Queensland. While highly productive and contributing to the area’s economic sustainability, the soils in these areas have low fertility. The soils typically contain sand content > 60%, low organic carbon (SOC < 0.80%), cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable Ca and Mg (< 8, 2.0, and 0.25 cmol(+) kg-1, respectively). Moreover, the soil is acidic (pH water < 5.5) and sodic (exchangeable sodium percentage [ESP] > 6%). Hence, sugarcane farmers need to apply fertilisers and ameliorants to maintain soil quality and productivity. Unfortunately, the high intensity rainfall in the region results in sediments, nutrients, and ameliorants run-off from these farms, resulting in environmental degradation and threats to marine ecology in the adjacent World Heritage Listed Great Barrier Reef. To mitigate these issues, the Australian sugarcane industry introduced the Six-Easy-Step Nutrient Management Guidelines. To apply these guidelines, a labour-intensive high-density soil sampling is typically required at the field level, followed by expensive laboratory analysis, spanning the myriad of biological, physical, and chemical properties of soils that need to be determined. To assist in sampling site selection, remote (e.g., Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, and DEM-based terrain attributes) and/or proximal sensing (e.g., electromagnetic [EM] induction and gamma-ray [γ-ray] spectrometry) digital data are increasingly being used. Moreover, the soil and digital data can be modelled using geostatistical (e.g., ordinary kriging [OK]), linear (e.g., linear mixed model [LMM]), machine learning (e.g., random forest [RF], quantile regression forest [QRF], support vector machine [SVM], and Cubist) and hybrid (e.g., RFRK, SVMRK, and CubistRK) approaches to enable prediction of soil properties from the rich source of digital data. However, there are many questions that need to be answered to determine appropriate recommendations including but not limited to i) which modelling approach is optimal, ii) which source of digital data is optimal and does fusion of various sources of digital data improve prediction accuracy, iii) which methods can be used to combine these digital data, iv) what is a minimum number of samples to establish a suitable calibration, v) which soil sampling designs could be used, and vi) what approaches are available to enable prediction of soil properties at various depths simultaneously? In this thesis, Chapter 1 introduces the research questions and defines the problems facing the Australian Sugarcane Industry in terms of the applications of the Six-Easy-Steps Nutrient Management Guidelines, research aims and thesis structure. Chapter 2 is a systematic literature review on various facets of DSM, which includes digital and soil data, models and outputs, and their application across various spatial scales and properties. In Chapter 3, prediction of topsoil (0-0.3 m) SOC is examined in the context of comparing predictive models (i.e., geostatistical, linear, machine learning [ML], and hybrid) using various digital data (i.e., remote [Landsat-8] and proximal sensors [EM and γ-ray]) either individually or in combination and determining minimum number of calibration samples. Chapter 4 shows to predict top- (0-0.3 m) and subsoil (0.6-0.9 m) Ca and Mg, various sampling designs (simple random [SRS], spatial coverage [SCS], feature space coverage [FSCS], and conditioned Latin hypercube sampling [cLHS]) were assessed, with different modelling approaches (i.e., OK, LMM, QRF, SVM, and CubistRK) and calibration sample size effect evaluated, using a combination of proximal data (EM and γ-ray) and terrain (e.g., elevation, slope, and aspect, etc.) attributes. Chapter 5 shows to enable the three-dimensional mapping of CEC and pH at topsoil (0-0.3 m), subsurface (0.3-0.6 m), shallow- (0.6-0.9 m) and deep-subsoil (0.9-1.2 m), an equal-area spline depth function can be used, with remote (Sentinel-2) and proximal data (EM and γ-ray) used alone or fused together, and various fusion methods (i.e., concatenation, simple averaging [SA], Bates-Granger averaging [BGA], Granger-Ramanathan averaging [GRA], and bias-corrected eigenvector averaging [BC-EA]) investigated. Chapter 6 explored the synergistic use of proximal (EM and γ-ray), and time-series of remote data (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2) to map top- (0-0.15 m) and subsoil (0.30-0.45 m) ESP. The results show that, across these case studies, hybrid and ML models generally achieved higher prediction accuracy. The fusion of remote and proximal data produced better predictions, compared to single source of sensors. Granger-Ramanathan averaging (GRA) and concatenation were the most effective methods to combine digital data. A minimum of less than 1 sample ha-1 would be required to calibrate a good predictive model. There were differences in prediction accuracy amongst the sampling designs. The application of depth function splines enables the simultaneous mapping of soil properties from various depths. The produced DSM of soil properties can be used to inform farmers of spatial variability of soils and enable them to precisely apply fertilisers and/or ameliorants based on the Six-Easy-Step Nutrient Management Guidelines.

  • (2024) Kuang, Jianming
    Thesis
    Landslides are natural geological hazards that pose significant threats, resulting in economic losses and casualties worldwide. Effective monitoring and characterization of landslides are crucial for understanding their evolution mechanisms and preventing catastrophic failures. While conventional field surveying methods provide accurate measurements of surface deformation, they are limited by high costs in terms of labor and time and uncertainties of arrangement for the ground-based equipment. The Satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique has proven its application in landslide monitoring, offering advantages such as all-weather operations, wide spatial coverage, high spatial resolution, and high accuracy. InSAR can measure subtle changes along the SAR line-of-sight (LOS) direction but is not sensitive to movements along the north-south direction. Additionally, rapid movements during the failure stage can cause high decorrelation. On the other hand, satellite optical remote sensing data, combined with pixel offset tracking (POT) techniques, can measure large displacements in the horizontal plane. Moreover, multi-spectral analysis of optical images can offer insights into the spatial evolution of landslides. Therefore, the joint use of satellite InSAR and optical remote sensing techniques is complementary in landslide monitoring and characterization. However, the joint utilization of these techniques for capturing the long-term evolutions of landslides, particularly at their different stages using multi-source data, remains relatively unexplored. This dissertation aims to optimize and demonstrate the approaches for the joint use of satellite SAR and optical data in landslide monitoring and characterization across three distinct stages: pre-failure, failure, and post-failure. Three major landslides were studied in this dissertation. Firstly, the surface deformation of the 2017 Maoxian landslide during the pre-failure stage was captured using time series InSAR, while pre-failure slope features were detected from optical images. Secondly, the joint utilization of time series InSAR observations and optical analysis facilitated the monitoring of the pre-failure, failure, and post-failure stages of the 2020 Aniangzhai landslide. Lastly, the long-term post-failure deformation of the Huangtupo landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir region was mapped using multi-source satellite SAR data, while the multi-temporal optical images were employed to investigate the long-term evolution of surface covers over the slope.

  • (2022) Higgins, Philippa
    Thesis
    Increasing population and resource demands, a changing hydroclimate, and increasing risks of extreme events means that sustainable water management is more important now than ever before. Water planners are increasingly recognising that short instrumental records are insufficient to understand fully natural trends and variability in climate. High resolution paleoclimate proxies, like tree rings, can provide long time series of observations prior to the instrumental period, to better understand instrumental and pre-instrumental variability, the occurrence, trends, and drivers of extreme events, and provide insights into possible future hydroclimatic scenarios. However, tree-ring proxies are not evenly distributed in the landscape, and the South Pacific has very few high-resolution paleoclimate proxies to develop detailed reconstructions of climate variability. This thesis explores whether the relationships between tree-ring proxies in regions with strong teleconnections to the Pacific (i.e., ‘remote’ tree rings) can be exploited to reconstruct hydroclimatic indices across eastern Australia and the South Pacific Islands. Methods for hydroclimatic reconstruction are investigated, considering the unique challenges of the region: strong inter-annual and inter-decadal variability, very short data records, data gaps, and potential non-stationarities in climate teleconnections. Existing methods for tree-ring reconstructions have been successfully applied in the South Pacific (Chapter 2); however, overcoming the challenges posed by very short and non-continuous records required adaptations to existing methods (Chapter 3) and the development of new methods (Chapter 5). In the final two chapters, the thesis focuses on how catchment-scale tree-ring reconstructions can be most useful to water managers. In these chapters, methods of identifying, explaining, and representing extreme event frequency, return periods, and trends are explored, as are methods for using paleoclimate data along with climate model projections to help contextualise future risks of climate change. Overall, this thesis highlights the enormous potential of remote tree-rings for improving our understanding of past climate in the South Pacific. The reconstructions consistently demonstrate that the instrumental period underestimates the full range of natural climate variability and shows how century-long records provided by tree rings can help us better understand past climate drivers, contextualise the instrumental period, and refine estimates of future climate risks. This thesis builds upon a growing body of work that demonstrates the considerable value of tree-ring based reconstructions for current and future water resource decision making, most notably in remote regions that are highly vulnerable to climate change but where there are limited instrumental records. Maximising the potential of tree-ring data for water management will require ongoing collaboration between dendrochronologists and water managers.

  • (2023) Farzadkhoo, Maryam
    Thesis
    Anthropogenic in-stream barriers, including dams, weirs, barrages, and culverts have significantly contributed to the decline of freshwater fish populations. Although fishways are a viable solution to facilitate fish migration and fish local movement, the effectiveness of fishways is uncertain for multiple fish species and many operate as selective filters. To address this limitation, the UNSW Tube Fishway has been developed to safely lift fish across barriers >2 m in height using a water surge in a closed tube system. The Tube Fishway combines a volitional attraction phase with non-volitional transport by a rigid tube. It utilises unsteady flow in pipes to provide a surge of water, carrying fish at near atmospheric pressure through a tube and across barriers. Hydraulic energy to propel water is provided by the upstream reservoir and an inlet valve located within the inlet pipe which controls the flow through the Tube Fishway. A key component in the successful operation of a Tube Fishway is fish attraction into the enclosed entrance system. As such, a systematic understanding of fish attraction behaviour into the tube entrance is required to help optimise the Tube Fishway performance. In addition, research on attraction of Australian native fish species is essential as minimal information is available, and no data could be found for attraction of fish into pipes. To this aim, 170 experimental trials were conducted with groups of silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus; N = 175) and Australian bass (Percalates novemaculeata; N = 150), one inland species and the other coastal, to identify the scalability of the entrance system of the Tube Fishway as well as preferred attraction flow velocities for both species. Three entrance tubes, with diameters of 0.1, 0.225, and 0.4 m, were tested under attraction velocities between 0 and 0.5 m/s. Both species varied in their performance. Silver perch were best attracted with a velocity of 0.15 m/s and an entrance tube diameter of 0.225 m. Australian bass were less well attracted compared to silver perch, showing no clear preference for any entrance tube diameter or attraction velocity. Despite the critical importance of attraction, understanding of the hydrodynamics of vertical slot entrances in relation to fish behaviour remains poor. To this goal, fish behaviour of silver perch (N = 175) and Australian bass (N = 150) were tracked in relation to hydrodynamic measures of three-dimensional velocity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) downstream of the slotted entrance tube that were measured with an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). The plain slotted entrance design produced a more symmetric flow in the centre, causing most of silver perch to approach the entrance by skirting the core of the attraction jet flow and areas of high turbulence. Australian bass used random swimming trajectories in plain slotted entrance. In contrast, the streamlined slotted entrance design resulted in an asymmetric attraction flow that guided most silver perch and Australian bass along the wall of the flume to the entrance. Both species preferred areas of low turbulence (TKE < 0.02 m2/s2) and asymmetric attraction flow along one of the sidewalls created by the streamlined entrance improved the fish attraction for silver perch. Despite the potential influence of entrance design modifications on both flow hydrodynamics and fish attraction, there has been limited research conducted on the effect of different entrance geometries on fish attraction. Considering this gap in knowledge, 66 experimental trials were conducted with groups of silver perch (N = 60) and Australian bass (N = 60) to investigate fish response to a series of different entrance geometries of the fishway, accompanied with their preferred hydraulic parameters. Four entrance geometries were tested comprising fully open, slotted, semi-circle and quarter circle entrances. For fully open and slotted entrance geometries, the attraction flows represented a straight jet that dispersed centrally downstream. However, velocity measurements for the semi-circle and quarter-circle entrances exhibited asymmetric attraction flows, angled towards the side wall next to the entrance opening. The swimming trajectories for silver perch and Australian bass varied with different entrance geometries. In the case of the semi-circle entrance, most silver perch preferred to use the jet sidewall. However, for the quarter circle entrance, silver perch displayed a preference for swimming along the middle of the channel and along the non-jet sidewall. Nevertheless, Australian bass trajectories were observed on both sidewalls for the semi-circle entrance. TKE < 0.16 m2/s2 was recommended for attracting juvenile silver perch and Australian bass. Varying attraction velocities and entrance geometries did not explain the maximum number of entered silver perch to the entrance tube although Australian bass outperformed in the no flow control experiments. The findings of this research could have broad applicability for Tube Fishways and other fishway designs, such as vertical slot/pool type fishways. However, further research is required to evaluate the attraction effectiveness for different fish species, fish sizes, and age groups.