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1 - 10 of 11
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(2000)Journal ArticleBi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+y was used as an example of Cuprates for our study. The subtle thermal transitions and the jumps of the parameters appear in the sample at about 300 and 700oC, respectively. The unit cell of the sample is composed of two structural blocks: perovskite and rock salt. The size of every block along c direction is about a nanometer. What should be made clear is whether the two thermal and structural changes take place in the whole cell or from different blocks. The bond lengths in the unit cell are analyzed carefully before and after two thermal and structural changes based on the results of X-ray diffraction. Careful analysis of the bond length in the samples demonstrates that the two jumps of the parameters are correlated with the two blocks. After the jump at about 300oC, the bond lengths in the rock salt block change more significant than in the perovskite block. After the jump at about 700oC, the bond lengths in the perovskite block change more significant than in the rock salt block. The change of the bond lengths clearly shows that the different thermal transitions and the jumps of the parameters take place in different blocks.
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(2006)Journal ArticleTwo models that predict perceived timbrai brightness in terms of the centroid of the frequency spectrum were investigated. One model simply uses the centroid of the frequency spectrum, the other divides this same value by the fundamental frequency: the latter scales the centroid of the frequency spectrum with the fundamental frequency. Different single tone and pitch combinations, presented sequentially, were compared. Participants were not asked to ignore pitch differences and intervals of greater than an octave were compared. The results indicate that brightness is much better correlated with frequency spectrum centroid (r = 0.513, p less than or equal 0.01) than with the ratio of the centroid of the frequency spectrum to the fundamental frequency (r = 0.030. p = 0.441).
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(2008)Journal ArticleTo reconstruct an indigenous language known solely from historical wordlists, the linguist needs to decide which source wordlists are most relevant, i.e. which sources are most likely to be attestations of the language to be reconstructed. There is little published research on methods appropriate to this task, and yet there is increasing attention to indigenous language reconstruction in support of language revival and revitalisation in education and community contexts. This paper describes a replicable and relatively objective method for comparing lexical similarity within a set of historical sources. The method described draws on the use of measures of lexical similarity in linguistics and the use of measures of endemism in biogeography. The method is illustrated via an analysis of historical sources for Aboriginal languages from the greater Sydney region, New South Wales, Australia.
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(2010)Journal ArticleIn 2005, 60 health care workers were recruited through services that attract injecting drug users (IDUs) and asked to complete attitude measures regarding IDU clients. Mediation analyses indicated that conservative health care workers displayed more negative attitudes toward their IDU clients because they believe that injecting drug use is within the control of the IDU. Negative attitudes toward IDU clients, in turn, were associated with worry about IDU clients' behavior in the clinic and with beliefs that IDU clients should disclose their hepatitis C status to their health care worker. Perceptions of controllability of drug use were also associated with the belief that IDU clients' ailments were caused by their IDU status. The study's limitations are noted.
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(2009)Journal ArticleBACKGROUND: Circumcision status was examined as an independent risk factor for sexually transmissible infections (STIs) in the Health in Men cohort of homosexual men in Sydney. METHODS: From 2001 through 2004, 1427 initially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative men were enrolled and followed up until mid-2007. All participants were offered annual STI testing. The history of STIs was collected at baseline, and information on sexual risk behaviors was collected every 6 months. At annual face-to-face visits, participants reported STI diagnoses received during the previous year. RESULTS: Circumcision was not associated with prevalent or incident herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, or self-reported genital warts. There was also no independent association of circumcision with incident urethral gonorrhea or chlamydia. Being circumcised was associated with a significantly reduced risk of incident (hazard ratio, 0.35 [95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.84]) but not prevalent (odds ratio, 0.71 [95% confidence interval, 0.35-1.44]) syphilis. The association was somewhat stronger among men who reported predominantly insertive unprotected anal intercourse (hazard ratio, 0.10 [95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.82]). CONCLUSIONS: These are the first prospective data obtained from homosexual men to assess circumcision status as a risk factor for STIs. Circumcised men were at reduced risk of incident syphilis but no other prevalent or incident STIs. Circumcision is unlikely to have a substantial public health impact in reducing acquisition of most STIs in homosexual men.
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(2007)Journal ArticleThe current research measured explicit (self-reported) and implicit (or unconscious) attitudes of health care workers and their drug injecting clients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) toward each other, and the association of these attitudes with contact. Sixty health care workers and 120 of their clients with HCV acquired from injecting drug use were administered attitude measures to determine whether greater contact with HCV positive clients would result in more favourable attitudes on the part of health care workers toward these clients, and also on the part of these clients towards their health care workers. Findings suggest that increased contact with clients with HCV is associated with more favourable explicit attitudes and more negative implicit attitudes among health care workers toward injecting drug users. Health care workers who had greater contact with HCV positive clients also had HCV positive clients who held more favourable explicit attitudes toward health care workers, but contact was uncorrelated with implicit attitudes of clients toward health care workers. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.